| What is a Chemical Engineer |
 What
is a Chemical Engineer?
 a)
An Engineer who manufactures chemicals,
 b)
A Chemist who works in a factory, or
 c)
A glorified Plumber?
This is actually a trick question as the correct answer is d) "None of the
above." (Note however that chemical engineering students bored with the
relentless "pipe-flow example" during fluid dynamics class may begin to think of
themselves as simply "glorified plumbers".)
The first two incorrect answers make sense based upon the narrow sounding
title; "chemical engineer." Surely such a person must be either a "chemist who
builds things", or an "engineer who makes chemicals". Yet, the English language
has never really made any sense and the name "chemical engineer" is a case in
point.
 All
Right, So What is a Chemical Engineer?
It is true that chemical engineers are comfortable with chemistry, but
they do much more with this knowledge than just make chemicals. In fact, the
term "chemical engineer" is not even intended to describe the type of work a
chemical engineer performs. Instead it is meant to reveal what makes the
field different from the other branches of engineering.
All engineers employ mathematics, physics, and the engineering art to
overcome technical problems in a safe and economical fashion. Yet, it is the
chemical engineer alone that draws upon the vast and powerful science of
chemistry to solve a wide range of problems. The strong technical and social
ties that bind chemistry and chemical engineering are unique in the fields of
science and technology. This marriage between chemists and chemical engineers
has been beneficial to both sides and has rightfully brought the envy of the
other engineering fields.
The breadth of scientific and technical knowledge inherent in the profession
has caused some to describe the chemical engineer as the "universal engineer."
Yes, you are hearing me correctly; despite a title that suggests a profession
composed of narrow specialists, chemical engineers are actually extremely
versatile and able to handle a wide range of technical problems.
 So
What Exactly Does This "Universal Engineer" Do?
During the past Century, chemical engineers have made tremendous
contributions to our standard of living. To celebrate these accomplishments, the
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has compiled a list of the "10
Greatest Achievements of Chemical Engineering." These triumphs are
summarized below:
 The
Atom, as Large as Life:
Biology, medicine, metallurgy, and power generation have all been
revolutionized by our ability to split the atom and isolate isotopes.
Chemical engineers played a prominent role in achieving both of these results.
Early on facilities such as DuPont's Hanford Chemical Plant used these
techniques to bring an abrupt conclusion to World War II with the
production of the atomic bomb. Today these technologies have found uses in more
peaceful applications. Medical doctors now use isotopes to monitor bodily
functions; quickly identifying clogged arteries and veins. Similarly
biologists gain invaluable insight into the basic mechanisms of life, and
archaeologists can accurately date their historical findings.
 The
Plastic Age:
The 19th Century saw enormous advances in polymer chemistry. However,
it required the insights of chemical engineers during the 20th Century to make
mass produced polymers a viable economic reality. When a plastic called
Bakelite was introduced in 1908 it sparked the dawn of the "Plastic Age"
and quickly found uses in electric insulation, plugs & sockets, clock bases,
iron cooking handles, and fashionable jewelry. Today plastic has become so
common that we hardly notice it exists. Yet nearly all aspects of modern life
are positively and profoundly impacted by plastic.
 The
Human Reactor:
Chemical engineers have long studied complex chemical processes by breaking
them up into smaller "unit operations." Such operations might consist of
heat exchangers, filters, chemical reactors and the like. Fortunately this
concept has also been applied to the human body. The results of such analysis
have helped improve clinical care, suggested improvements in
diagnostic and therapeutic devices, and led to mechanical wonders such as
artificial organs. Medical doctors and chemical engineers continue to work
hand in hand to help us live longer fuller lives.
 Wonder
Drugs for the Masses:
Chemical engineers have been able to take small amounts of antibiotics
developed by people such as Sir Arthur Fleming (who discovered penicillin in
1929) and increase their yields several thousand times through
mutation and special brewing techniques. Today's low price,
high volume, drugs owe their existence to the work of chemical engineers.
This ability to bring once scarce materials to all members of society
through industrial creativity is a defining characteristic of chemical
engineering.
 Synthetic
Fibers, a Sheep's Best Friend:
From blankets and clothes to beds and pillows, synthetic fibers keep us
warm, comfortable, and provide a good night's rest. Synthetic
fibers also help reduce the strain on natural sources of cotton and
wool, and can be tailored to specific applications. For example; nylon
stockings make legs look young and attractive while bullet proof vests
keep people out of harm's way.
 Liquefied
Air, Yes it's Cool:
When air is cooled to very low temperatures (about 320 deg F below zero)
it condenses into a liquid. Chemical engineers can then separate out the
different components. The purified nitrogen can be used to recover
petroleum, freeze food, produce semiconductors, or prevent unwanted reactions
while oxygen is used to make steel, smelt copper, weld metals together,
and support the lives of patients in hospitals.
 The
Environment, We All Have to Live Here:
Chemical engineers provide economical answers to clean up yesterday's
waste and prevent tomorrow's pollution. Catalytic converters,
reformulated gasoline, and smoke stack scrubbers all help keep the
world clean. Additionally, chemical engineers help reduce the strain on natural
materials through synthetic replacements, more efficient processing,
and new recycling technologies.
 Food,
"It's What's For Dinner":
Plants need large amounts of nitrogen, potassium, and
phosphorus to grow in abundance. Chemical fertilizers can help
provide these nutrients to crops, which in turn provide us with a bountiful
and balanced diet. Fertilizers are especially important in certain regions
of Asia and Africa where food can sometimes be scarce . Advances in
biotechnology also offer the potential to further increase worldwide food
production. Finally, chemical engineers are at the forefront of food
processing where they help create better tasting and most nutritious foods.
 Petrochemicals,
"Black Gold, Texas Tea":
Chemical engineers have helped develop processes like catalytic cracking
to break down the complex organic molecules found in crude oil
into much simpler species. These building blocks are then separated and
recombined to form many useful products including: gasoline,
lubricating oils, plastics, synthetic rubber, and synthetic
fibers. Petroleum processing is therefore recognized as an enabling
technology, without which, much of modern life would cease to function
 Running
on Synthetic Rubber:
Chemical engineers played a prominent role in developing today's synthetic
rubber industry. During World War II, synthetic rubber capacity suddenly
became of paramount importance. This was because modern society runs on rubber.
Tires, gaskets, hoses, and conveyor belts (not to
mention running shoes) are all made of rubber. Whether you drive, bike,
roller-blade, or run; odds are you are running on rubber.
 Chemical
Engineering Today & Tomorrow
The "Big Four" engineering fields consist of civil, mechanical,
electrical, and chemical engineers. Of these, chemical engineers are
numerically the smallest group. However, this relatively small
group holds a very prominent position in many industries, and chemical engineers
are, on average, the highest paid of the "Big Four". Additionally, many
chemical engineers have found their way into upper management. A chemical
engineer is either currently, or has previously, occupied the CEO position for:
3M, Du Pont, General Electric, Union Carbide, Dow Chemical, Exxon, BASF, Gulf
Oil, Texaco, and B.F. Goodrich. Even a former director of the CIA,
John M. Deutch, was a chemical engineer by training.
More typically, chemical engineers concern themselves with the chemical
processes that turn raw materials into valuable products. The necessary
skills encompass all aspects of design, testing, scale-up, operation, control,
and optimization, and require a detailed understanding of the various "unit
operations", such as distillation, mixing, and biological processes, which
make these conversions possible. Chemical engineering science utilizes mass,
momentum, and energy transfer along with thermodynamics and
chemical kinetics to analyze and improve on these "unit operations."
Today there are around 70,000 practicing chemical engineers in the
United States (57,000 of these are AIChE members) . During the entire history
of the profession there have been only about 135,000 American chemical
engineers (including those alive today). This means that more than a half
of all the chemical engineers who have ever existed are contributing to
society right now! Chemical engineering is not a profession that has to
dwell on the achievements of the past for comfort, for its greatest
accomplishments are yet to come.
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