Norton & Thevenin equivalent
Th�venin's Theorem
Any voltage network which may be viewed from two terminals can be replaced by
a voltage-source equivalent circuit comprising a single voltage source E
and a single series resistance R.. The voltage V is the open-circuit voltage
between the two terminals and the resistance Z is the resistance of the
network viewed from the terminals with all voltage sources removed from circuit.
Sample
All circuits are
equivalent. Resistors R1,R2, R3 and voltage source are transformed into Requ
Eequ,
 see
parallel, series simplifications.
To determine Eequ we shall break off branch
connecting node 1 and node 2
Norton's Theorem
Any current network which may be viewed from two terminals can be replaced by
a current-source equivalent circuit comprising a single current source I
and a single shunt conductance G. The current
I is the short-circuit current between the two terminals and the
conductance G is the
conductance of the network viewed from the
terminals with all branches containing
current sources are broken off.
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