Diet
The
ketogenic diet is a strict medically supervised diet that has an
anticonvulsant effect. It is typically used in children with refractory
epilepsy.
Devices
The
vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) is a device that sends electric impulses to the
left
vagus nerve in the neck via a lead implanted under the skin. It was FDA
approved in 1997 as an adjunctive therapy for partial-onset epilepsy.
Marketing approval history
The following table lists anticonvulsant drugs together with the date their
marketing was approved in the US, UK and France. Data for the UK and France is
incomplete. In recent years, the
European Medicines Agency has approved drugs throughout the
European Union. Some of the drugs are no longer marketed.
| Drug |
Brand |
US |
UK |
France |
|
acetazolamide |
Diamox |
1953-07-27953-7-27 |
1988 |
|
|
carbamazepine |
Tegretol |
1974-07-15974-7-15 |
1965 |
1963 |
|
clobazam |
Frisium |
|
1979 |
|
|
clonazepam |
Klonopin/Rivotril |
1975-06-04975-6-04 |
1974 |
|
|
diazepam |
Valium |
1963-11-15963-1-15 |
|
|
|
divalproex sodium |
Depakote |
1983-03-10983-3-10 |
|
|
|
ethosuximide |
Zarontin |
1960-11-02960-1-02 |
1955 |
1962 |
|
ethotoin |
Peganone |
1957-04-22957-4-22 |
|
|
|
felbamate |
Felbatol |
1993-07-29993-7-29 |
|
|
|
fosphenytoin |
Cerebyx |
1996-08-05996-8-05 |
|
|
|
gabapentin |
Neurontin |
1993-12-30993-2-30 |
1993-05May 1993 |
1994-10October 1994 |
|
lamotrigine |
Lamictal |
1994-12-27994-2-27 |
1991-10October 1991 |
1995-05May 1995 |
|
levetiracetam |
Keppra |
1999-11-30999-1-30 |
2000-09-29000-9-29 |
2000-09-29000-9-29 |
|
mephenytoin |
Mesantoin |
1946-10-23946-0-23 |
|
|
|
metharbital |
Gemonil |
1952 |
|
|
|
methsuximide |
Celontin |
1957-02-08957-2-08 |
|
|
|
methazolamide |
Neptazane |
1959-01-26959-1-26 |
|
|
|
oxcarbazepine |
Trileptal |
2000-01-14000-1-14 |
2000 |
|
|
phenobarbital |
|
|
1912 |
1920 |
|
phenytoin |
Dilantin/Epanutin |
1938 |
1938 |
1941 |
|
phensuximide |
Milontin |
1953 |
|
|
|
pregabalin |
Lyrica |
2004-12-30004-2-30 |
2004-07-06004-7-06 |
2004-07-06004-7-06 |
|
primidone |
Mysoline |
1954-03-08954-3-08 |
1952 |
1953 |
|
sodium valproate |
Epilim |
|
1977-12December 1977 |
1967-06June 1967 |
|
stiripentol |
Diacomit |
|
2001-12-05001-2-05 |
2001-12-05001-2-05 |
|
tiagabine |
Gabitril |
1997-09-30997-9-30 |
1998 |
1997-11November 1997 |
|
topiramate |
Topamax |
1996-12-24996-2-24 |
1995 |
|
|
trimethadione |
Tridione |
1946-01-25946-1-25 |
|
|
|
valproic acid |
Depakene/ Convulex |
1978-02-28978-2-28 |
1993 |
|
|
vigabatrin |
Sabril |
|
1989 |
|
|
zonisamide |
Zonegran |
2000-03-27000-3-27 |
2005-03-10005-3-10 |
2005-03-10005-3-10 |
|
