| Structure |
Name |
Abb -rev-
iation |
Tissue |
Cells |
Mech -anism |
Effect |
steroid - sex (est) |
Estradiol |
E2 |
females:
ovary
, males
testes |
females:
granulosa
cells
, males:
Sertoli
cell |
direct |
Females:
Structural:
- promote formation of female
secondary sex characteristics
- accelerate
height
growth
- accelerate
metabolism (burn fat)
- reduce
muscle
mass
- stimulate
endometrial growth
- increase
uterine
growth
- maintenance of
blood vessels and skin
- reduce
bone resorption, increase bone formation
Protein synthesis:
- increase hepatic production of binding proteins
Coagulation:
- increase circulating level of
factors
2,
7,
9,
10,
antithrombin III,
plasminogen
- increase
platelet adhesiveness
Increase
HDL,
triglyceride,
height
growth Decrease
LDL, fat
deposition Fluid balance:
- salt (sodium)
and water retention
- increase
growth hormone
- increase
cortisol,
SHBG
Gastrointestinal tract:
- reduce bowel motility
- increase cholesterol in
bile
Melanin:
- increase
pheomelanin, reduce
eumelanin
Cancer: support
hormone-sensitive
breast cancers
Suppression of production in the body of estrogen is a treatment for
these cancers.
Lung function:
- promote lung function by supporting
alveoli.
Males: Prevent
apoptosis of germ cells |
| steroid - sex (est) |
Estrone |
|
ovary |
granulosa
cells
,
Adipocytes |
direct |
|
| steroid - sex (est) |
Estriol |
|
placenta |
syncytio
-trophoblast |
direct |
|
| steroid - sex (pro) |
Proge
-sterone |
|
ovary,
adrenal glands,
placenta (when pregnant) |
Granulosa
cells
theca
cells
of ovary |
direct |
Support
pregnancy:
Convert
endometrium to secretory stage Make
cervical mucus permeable to sperm. Inhibit
immune response, e.g. towards the
human embryo. Decrease uterine
smooth muscle contractility
Inhibit
lactation Inhibit onset of
labor. Support
fetal production of
adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids.
Other: Raise
epidermal growth factor-1 levels Increase core temperature during
ovulation
Reduce spasm
and relax
smooth muscle (widen
bronchi and regulate
mucus)
Antiinflammatory Reduce
gall-bladder activity
Normalize
blood clotting and vascular tone,
zinc and
copper
levels,
cell
oxygen levels, and use of fat stores for energy. Assist in
thyroid
function and
bone growth by
osteoblasts
Relsilience in
bone,
teeth,
gums,
joint,
tendon,
ligament and
skin
Healing by regulating
collagen Nerve function and healing by regulating
myelin
Prevent
endometrial cancer by regulating effects of estrogen. |
| sterol |
Calcitriol (1,25
dihydroxy
-vitamin
D3) |
|
skin/ proximal
tubule of
kidneys |
|
direct |
Active
form of
vitamin
D3
Increase absorption of
calcium
and
phosphate from
gastrointestinal tract and
kidneys inhibit release of
PTH |
| sterol |
Calcidiol
(25
-hydroxy
-vitamin
D3) |
|
skin/proximal
tubule of
kidneys |
|
direct |
Inactive form of
Vitamin
D3 |
| eicosanoid |
Prostag
landins |
PG |
seminal vesicle |
|
|
|
| eicosanoid |
Leuko
-trienes |
LT |
|
white blood cells |
|
|
| eicosanoid |
Prosta -cyclin |
PGI2 |
endothelium |
|
|
|
| eicosanoid |
Throm
-boxane |
TXA2 |
|
platelets |
|
|
| |
Prolactin releasing hormone |
PRH |
hypoth -alamus |
|
|
Release
prolactin from
anterior pituitary |
| |
Lipotropin |
PRH |
anterior pituitary |
Corti
cotropes |
|
lipolysis and
steroidogenesis,
stimulates
melanocytes to produce
melanin |
| |
Brain natriuretic peptide |
BNP |
heart |
Cardiac myocytes |
|
(To a minor degree than ANP) reduce
blood pressure by:
reducing
systemic
vascular resistance, reducing blood water, sodium and
fats |
| |
Neuro -peptide Y |
NPY |
Stomach |
|
|
increased food intake and decreased physical activity |
| |
Histamine |
|
Stomach |
ECL cells |
|
stimulate
gastric acid secretion |
| |
Endothelin |
|
Stomach |
X cells |
|
Smooth muscle contraction of stomach
|
| |
Panc -reatic
poly -peptide |
|
Pancreas |
PP
cells |
|
Unknown |
| |
Renin |
|
Kidney |
Juxtagl
-omerular cells |
|
Activates the
renin-angiotensin system by producing
angiotensin I of
angiotensinogen |
| |
Enkephalin |
|
Kidney |
Chromaffin cells |
|
Regulate pain |
