| Drug Name |
Category |
Comments |
| Edetate Calcium Disodium
(CaNa2 EDTA) |
Toxicity
Metal Chelator |
Poor oral absorption. Usually administered IV or IM. Half-life 20 -
60 minutes. Urinary excretion. Water soluble; does not easily enter
tissues or get into cells.
Indications: Primarily used for lead poisoning. Not
effective against mercury, arsenic, most other metals. |
|
| Erythrmoycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
IV or PO. Orally, it must be given in an acid-resistant (enteric
coated) capsule, to prevent acid-breakdown in the stomach.
Often used in penicillin-allergic patients. Indications:
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, Cornybacteria, Legionnaire's
Disease. |
| Erythromycin Estolate |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
Acid-resistant ester of erythromycin can be given
PO. Cholestatic hepatitis can occur with use. |
| Erythropoeiten |
Hemopoeitic; Anemia |
Useful for treating the hypoproliferative anemia caused by
end-stage renal disease. Produced by recombinant DNA
techniques. |
| Estrogens |
Chemotherapy; Hormonal Agent |
Can induce remission of prostatic carcinoma. |
| Ethambutol |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Anti-Mycobacterial; 1st-line |
First line drug. Mech: probably inhibits polyamine synthesis.
Gets into CNS.
Adverse effect: Optic Neuritis with loss of visual
acuity. |
| Ethanol |
Toxicity |
It is given to displace the substrates and prevent their metabolism,
in methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning.
Prevent methanol from going to formic acid, and prevent
ethylene glycol from going to oxalic acid. |
| Ethionamide |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Anti-Mycobacterial; 2nd-line |
Second-line drug. Mech: Analog of Isioniazid that also inhibits
mycolic acid synthesis.
Adverse Effects: Intense gastric pain, may be
neurotoxic. |
| Etoposide (VP-16) |
Chemotherapy
Alkaloid; Podophyllotoxin |
IV only; urinary excretion. It inhibits topoisomerase II
------> cause DNA strand breaks, increase DNA degradation.
Indications: small-cell lung cancer, lymphomas and leukemias,
testicular carcinoma. |
| Factor IX |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Prothrombogenic
Toxicity |
Given for treatment of warfarin overdose, whenever
immediate coagulation needs to take effect.
Given to treat primary Hemophilia B (Factor IX
Deficiency). Administration of the blood-derived factor carries a risk
of getting viral infections such as Hepatitis-C. |
| Factor VIII |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Prothrombogenic |
Given to treat primary Hemophilia A (Factor VIII
Deficiency). Administration of the blood-derived factor carries a risk
of getting viral infections such as Hepatitis-C. |
| Factor IX |
Toxicity |
Used for immediate coagulation, in the event of warfarin
toxicity. |
| Fansidar (Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Parasitic
Anti-Malarial
Anti-Protozoal |
Similar to Co-Trimoxazole, except for parasites. Pyrimethamine:
inhibit dihydrofolate reductase. Sulfadoxine: inhibit dihydropteroate
synthetase.
Slow-acting, and resistance can be a problem. |
| Fenoprofen |
Anti-Inflammatory; NSAID
Propionic Acid Derivative |
Short-acting. Must be given 4 times a day for RA. |
| Ferrous Fumarate |
Hemopoeitic; Anemia
Iron-Deficiency Anemia |
Like Ferrous Sulfate |
| Ferrous Sulfate |
Hemopoeitic; Anemia
Iron-Deficiency Anemia |
Take them on an empty stomach. Enteric-coated iron preparations are
not used, because we want to absorb the iron in the stomach and proximal
duodenum. 200-400 mg of iron daily are required to
treat iron deficiency.
Adverse Effects: Black stools, constipation, nausea, epigastric
discomfort, abdominal cramps, diarrhea. |
| Ferrous Gluconate |
Hemopoeitic; Anemia
Iron-Deficiency Anemia |
Like Ferrous Sulfate |
| Floxacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Highly protein-bound.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
| Floxuridine |
Chemotherapy; Antimetabolite |
Pyrimidine antagonist. |
| Fluazenil |
Toxicity |
Indicated for Benzodiazepine toxicity. |
| Fluconazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal
Imidazole (Systemic) |
Pharmacokinetics: PO or IV. Readily enters CNS. Inhibits Cyt-P450 in
liver. Primarily urinary excretion.
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity, nausea and vomiting.
Indicated for Cryptococcal Meningitis. |
| Flucytosine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal |
Gets into CNS. Converted to 5-fluorocytosine by
fungal enzymes, then it inhibits thymidilate synthetase and DNA
synthesis. Resistance develops rapidly, so it is used in conjunction
with Amphotericin-B.
Relatively non-toxic. May see alopecia, bone-marrow suppression. |
| Fludarabine |
Chemotherapy; Antimetabolite |
Pyrimidine antagonist. |
| Flutamide |
Chemotherapy; Hormonal Agent |
Anti-androgen used in the treatment of
prostate cancer. |
| Folic Acid |
Hemopoeitic; Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia |
Folic acid will cure dietary folate deficiency. It will not
cure folate deficiency due to anti-folate drugs (such as Trimethoprim).
For that you use folinic acid.
No adverse effects. |
| Folinic Acid |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Adjunct |
Given with Trimethoprim, it is the reduced form of
THF. It prevents the anti-folate side-effects of trimethoprim:
Megaloblastic anemia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia. |
| Foscarnet |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral |
Indicated for treatment of (1) CMV Retinitis
(administer with Ganciclovir), and (2) Serious HSV or VZV infections
that are resistant to treatment by Acyclovir. Serious Adverse Effect: It
chelates Ca+2 which can lead to life-threatening
hypocalcemia. |
| Ganciclovir |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Nucleoside Analog |
Indicated for CMV. Deoxyguanosine analog, it
reversibly inhibits viral DNA polymerase. Works similar
to Acyclovir.
Adverse Effects are bad: Neutropenia (common),
anemia, eosinophila. Also CNS changes (headache, behavioral changes,
seizure, coma), fever, rash, phlebitis, nausea. |
| Gemcitabine |
Chemotherapy; Antimetabolite |
Pyrimidine antagonist, similar to Cytarabine. |
| Gentamicin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Older drug. Popular choice for gram-negatives, in combination with
penicillins. |
| Glutatione S-Transferases (GST's) |
Chemotherapy; Adjunct |
Experimental. In rats and monkeys, when injected directly into
lymphocytes (inject in vitro and then reimplant in the animal),
it prevents lymphocyte death, helping to alleviate
bone-marrow suppression before it occurs. Hasn't been tried in humans
yet. |
| Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
(G-CSF) |
Chemotherapy; Adjunct |
It is thought to mobilize peripheral hematopoeitic stem
cells. It can be given to combat the bone-marrow suppression
side-effects of chemotherapy drugs. |
| Griseofulvin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal |
It binds to fungal microtubules, inhibiting their growth. It is only
effective for skin infections.
It is given PO and binds to keratin,
thus it concentrates in skin. High fat meal increases absorption.
Indications: skin infections, ring worm, athlete's foot. Adverse
effects: allergic reactions, headache, malaise. |
| Heparin |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Anti-Coagulant |
IV or SQ anti-coagulant. It potentiates Antithrombin-III
and is monitored using the PTT. It has a fast onset of
action and short duration of action. |
| Hydroxy chloroquine |
Anti-Inflammatory; Anti-RA
Anti-Parasitic; Anti-Malarial |
Low dose, long-term treatment for RA refractory to treatment with
NSAID's. Contraindications: Porphyria, Psoriatic Arthritis. |
| Hydroxy cobalamin
(Vitamin B12) |
Hemopoeitic; Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia |
IM. Highly bound to plasma proteins and remains in circulation
longer than cyanocobalamin. Therapy continues for life. |
| Hydroxyurea |
Chemotherapy; Miscellaneous |
|
| Ibuprofen
(Motrin) |
Anti-Inflammatory; NSAID
Propionic Acid Derivative |
Short-acting. Must be given 4 times a day for RA. Does not displace
drugs from plasma binding proteins as much as others. Preferred drug for
use with Warfarin. |
| Imipenam |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Carbopenem |
Broad-spectrum antibiotic. Pseudomonas can
develop resistance, so give this drug with an aminoglycoside.
Must be coadministered with cilistatin, to prevent
its degradation (by dihydropeptidase) in the kidney. |
| Indinavir |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Anti-AIDS; Protease Inhibitor |
|
| Indomethacin |
Anti-Inflammatory; NSAID
Anti-Gout |
Stronger and more toxic than other NSAID's.Indications:
Osteoarthritis of the hip, acute gouty arthritis,
ankylosing sponylitis, patent ductus arteriosus. |
| Inosiplex |
Immunomodulating Agent |
Enhanced T-Cell and monocyte activities. Potentially useful in AIDS. |
| Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Endogenous Factor |
Enhances host-cell resistance to viral infections, and possibly some
tumors. Adverse effects: fever, malaise, headaches, anemia, GI distress. |
| Iron Dextran |
Hemopoeitic; Anemia
Iron-Deficiency Anemia |
Parenteral iron administration, IM or IV. IM can be painful.
Indications: Parenteral iron is given for severe iron
deficiency, after a bowel resection or after Inflammatory Bowel
Disease involving the proximal jejunum.
Adverse Effects: Headache, light-headedness. Nausea, vomiting, back
pain, fever, arthralgia, urticaria, anaphylaxis (rare), flushing. |
| Isoniazid |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Anti-Mycobacterial; 1st-line |
First line drug, and used for chemoprophylaxis. Mech: it blocks
mycolic acid synthesis. Gets into CNS.
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity in elderly,
peripheral neuritis in slow acetylators. Optic neuritis,
teratogenic. |
| Itraconazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal
Imidazole (Systemic) |
Broader spectrum and fewer adverse effects than ketoconazole. |
