| Drug Name |
Category |
Comments |
| Quinidine Gluconate |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Parasitic
Anti-Malarial |
|
| Rh0(D) Globulin
(Rhogam) |
Immunosuppressant
Antibody |
For the primary prevention of Erythroblastosis Fetalis
(hemolytic anemia of newborn). It is given to Rh- mothers, 72
hours after first childbirth of an Rh+ fetus, to
prevent formation of anti-Rh antibodies in the mother. |
|
| Ribavirin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Nucleoside Analog |
Aerosol spray. Nucleoside analog blocks the formation of GTP.
Indicated for severe Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV)
infections in infants. No serious adverse effects. |
| Rifampin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Anti-Mycobacterial; 1st-line |
First line drug. Mech: It inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the
beta-subunit of bacterial RNA-Polymerase. Gets into
CNS. Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity. |
| Rinantidine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Uptake Inhibitor |
Longer half-life than Amantadine, biliary excretion. Perhaps fewer
CNS effects. |
| Ritonavir |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Anti-AIDS; Protease Inhibitor |
|
| Saquinavir |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Anti-AIDS; Protease Inhibitor |
Well tolerated, but low oral bioavilability (5%). |
| Silver Sulfadiazine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Topical administration, for treating burn
patients. |
| Sodium Stibog luconate |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Parasitic
Anti-Protozoal |
Indicated for Leshmaniasis. |
| Sodium Sulfaceta mide |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Ophthalmic administration, for treating
conjunctivitis. |
| Spectino mycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor |
Structurally related to aminoglycosides. Administered IM
for treatment of penicillin-resistant gonorrhea. |
| Spiramycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide
Anti-Parasitic |
Indicated for treatment of Cryptosporidiosis. |
| Streptoki nase |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Thrombolytic Agent |
From Streptococcus. Can cause systemic fibrinolysis and
DIC. May see allergies, in patients who have anti-streptococcal
antibodies. Given as IV loading dose, then 24-48 hours of infusion. |
| Streptomy cin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside
Anti-Mycobacterial; 1st-line |
IM. Older drug with severe adverse effects. Now has widespread
resistance. First-line drug for TB infections. |
| Strepto zotocin |
Chemotherapy; Alkylating Agent
Nitrosurea |
Indicated for malignant pancreatic insulinoma. |
| Succimer |
Toxicity
Metal Chelator |
New drug that can be given PO. Both urinary and
biliary excretion, with enterohepatic circulation.
Chemically similar to Dimercaprol.
Indications: Severe Lead Poisoning: Used to treat
children with lead poisoning above 45 �g / dL. It does not metabolize
essential minerals like zinc, copper, iron, making it more attractive.
Has been shown in labs to chelate arsenic, cadmium, mercury. |
| Sulbactam |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Adjunct |
beta- Lactamase Inhibitor, similar to Clavulinic
Acid. |
| Sulfacytine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
|
| Sulfadia zine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used to treat systemic infections. |
| Sulfame thoxazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used widely in UTI's. |
| Sulfapyri dine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used to treat Dermatitis Herpetiformis. |
| Sulfasa lazine
(Salicyl- azosul fapyridine) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Poorly absorbed in GI tract. Used for the topical treatment of
inflammatory bowel disease. The drug is cleaved by
bacteria in the colon, into sulfonamide and amino-salicylate.
Amino-salicylate then has local anti-inflammatory effects in
the colon. |
| Sulfin pyrazone |
Anti-Inflammatory; Anti-Gout
Uricosuric
Platelet Inhibitor |
Promotes the excretion of uric acid in the proximal tubule. Do not
use when urinary uric acid levels are already high, as urate
calculi may result. Adverse Effects: Allergic dermatitis,
GI disturbances.
Platelet Inhibitor: Blocks the chemical mediators of platelet
aggregation. However, it also prolongs platelet survival, limiting its
use in this capacity. |
| Sulfiso xazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used widely in UTI's. Also used to treat Nocardiosis. |
| Sulindac |
Anti-Inflammatory; NSAID |
Pro-Drug must first be metabolized before it inhibits COX. |
| Suramin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Parasitic
Anti- Protozoal |
Indicated for Tryanosomiasis. |
| Tacrolimus (FK-506) |
Immuno suppressant
Anti-Bacterial; Macrolide |
Macrolide antibiotic of fungal origin, similar in use to
Cyclosporin. Used in situations where Cyclosporin is ineffective, toxic,
or cannot otherwise be used. |
| Tamoxifen |
Chemotherapy; Hormonal Agent |
Estrogen receptor antagonist is effective against
susceptible breast cancers. The tumor must have an
estrogen-receptor to be susceptible. |
| Taxol |
Chemotherapy
Alkaloid; Paclitaxel |
IV only; biliary excretion. Extensively metabolized by the liver. It
stabilizes the mitotic spindle during metaphase,
causing metaphase arrest.
Indications: head and neck carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, breast
cancers, lung cancers. Adverse Effects: bone marrow suppression,
peripheral neuropathy. |
| Teniposide (VM-26) |
Chemotherapy
Alkaloid; Podophyllotoxin |
|
| Tetracycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Incomplete oral absorption, but it's still given orally.
Indicated for Rickettsiae, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Lyme
Disease. It's a broad-spectrum antibiotic, so you can
also see bacterial superinfection. It chelates calcium:
never use during pregnancy, never give to children, do not take with
food. |
| Thiaben dazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Parasitic
Anti-Helminthitic |
Well-absorbed orally. It blocks microtubule
synthesis., and may also inhibit fumarate reductase in
the parasite. Indicated for nematode infections. |
| Thiosulfate |
Toxicity |
Given to promote the formation of thiocyanate and its subsequent
excretion, in cyanide poisoning. |
| Thiotepa |
Chemotherapy; Alkylating Agent
Aziridine |
Aziridine, pro-drug. IV. |
| Thymosin |
Immunomodulating Agent |
10 kDa protein. Thymic hormone that induces and stimulates the
maturation of lymphoid stem-cells and pre-T-Cells into T-Cells.
Indications: DiGeorge Syndrome, other conditions of
T-Cell Deficiency. |
| Ticarcillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Extended-Spectrum |
Extended-Spectrum agent. Proteus and
Pseudomonas. |
| Ticlopidine |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Platelet Inhibitor |
Inhibits ADP-Induced platelet aggregation. Effective in preventing
the recurrence of arterial thrombosis in patients with a history of MI,
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA's), stroke, unstable angina pectoris.
Adverse Effects: GI Disturbances in 20% of patients, Hemorrhage in 5%
of patients, Leukopenia in 1% of patients. |
| Timolol |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Platelet Inhibitor
beta-Blocker |
Has been approved for the prophylaxis and prevention of first MI. It
is not known whether the beneficial effects are due to inhibited
platelets, beta-blocking activity, or combination of both. |
| Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Thrombolytic Agent |
Active only at the site of the clot; no risk of systemic
fibrinolysis. Given as IV loading dose, then 2 hours of infusion.
Particularly efficacious for post-MI treatment, and
that is the only indication currently approved.
Adverse Effect: Higher risk for hemorrhagic stroke
than with the other drugs. |
| Tobramycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Newer drug. Popular choice for gram-negatives, in combination with
penicillins. Slightly less nephrotoxic than gentamicin. |
| Tolmetin |
Anti-Inflammatory; NSAID |
Does not displace drugs from plasma binding proteins as much as
others. Preferred drug for use with Warfarin. |
| Tranexamic Acid |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Prothrombogenic
Toxicity |
Analog of aminocaproic acid. They inhibit the conversion of
plasminogen to plasmin. Used as adjunctive therapy in treating
hemophilias.
Indicated for tPA, Streptoki nase toxicity. |
| Triethy lenemala mine |
Chemotherapy; Alkylating Agent
Aziridine |
Aziridine, pro-drug. IV. |
| Trime thoprim |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor |
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Indicated for complicated UTI's.
as a second-line drug, and AIDS Pneumocystic Pneumonia. Other
uses too. |
| UK- 109,496 |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal
Imidazole (Systemic) |
Experimental imidazole that binds so strongly to ergosterol, it is
classified as fungicidal. Broad-spectrum of action, and effective
against Aspergillus. |
| Urokinase |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Thrombo lytic Agent |
Isolated from human kidney. Can cause systemic fibrinolysis and DIC.
Given as IV loading dose, then 12 hours of infusion. |
| Vancomycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Intracellular |
Given IV for gram-positives, or PO for GI superinfections (as a
topical, intraluminal antibiotic). It is not absorbed through the GI
tract.
MECH = inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis intracellularly -- rather than
extracellularly as in the beta-lactams. Resistance is a recent problem. |
| Verapamil |
Chemotherapy; Adjunct |
Ca+2-channel blocker can competitively inhibit
phosphoglycoprotein pumps in tumor cells, thus hopefully
helping to combat this form of resistance. Clinical trials are under
way. |
| Vidarabine (Ara-A) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Viral
Nucleoside Analog |
Topical or IV. It inhibits DNA synthesis by affecting DNA
polymerase. Indicated for HSV, Varicella-Zoster.
Adverse effects are minimal: nausea, vomiting, possible neurotoxicity. |
| Vinblastine |
Chemotherapy
Alkaloid; Vinca Alkaloid |
IV only; biliary excretion. Binds to microtubules ------> inhibits
the mitotic spindle, causing metaphase arrest. More
likely to show bone marrow toxicity than Vincristine.
Indications: Testicular carcinoma, breast cancers, lymphomas. |
| Vincristine |
Chemotherapy
Alkaloid; Vinca Alkaloid |
IV only; biliary excretion. Binds to microtubules ------> inhibits
the mitotic spindle, causing metaphase arrest. Less
likely to suppress bone marrow than Vinblastine, but do see
peripheral neuropathy which is dose-limiting.
Indications: Part of the MOPP group of drugs, to fight
Hodgkin's Disease. Also acute leukemias, Non-Hodgkin's
Lymphomas. |
| Warfarin
(Coumadin) |
Hemopoeitic; Clotting
Anti-Coagulant |
Oral anti-coagulant. It is an analog of Vitamin-K
and inhibits Vit-K-dependent factors. It is monitored using the
PT. It has a slow onset of action and longer duration of
action. It is eliminated by P450 metabolism and has lots of drug
interactions. |
