Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics:
Study of heat changes.
Temperature (T):
Proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles. The
higher the temperature the faster the molecules move.
Linear Expansion Coefficient (α):
Linear expansion of a material per �C increase in temperature.
Volume Expansion Coefficient (�):
Volume expansion of a material per �C increase in temperature.
Endothermic reaction:
Energy is absorbed into the system from the surroundings.
Exothermic reaction:
Energy is released from the system into the surroundings.
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp):
Amount of energy that 1 gram of material can absorb before
increasing in temperature. Cp for water: 4.18 J or 1.00 cal
Enthalpy of fusion (Lfus):
Energy needed to break enough intermolecular forces to change a
solid into a liquid
Enthalpy of vaporization (Lvap):
Energy needed to break the intermolecular forces to change a liquid
into a gas.
Thermal Equilibrium:
Two objects at different temperatures will come to the same
temperature when placed together.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics:
Objects in thermal equilibrium are at the same temperature. Objects
in contact will eventually come to thermal equilibrium.
1st Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy):
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical
process.
Calorimetry:
Energy lost/gained from the system is equal & opposite to that lost/gaines
from the surroundings
Entropy (S):
Disorder or random-ness
2nd Law of Thermodynamics:
The total entropy of the universe can never decrease.
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