| Drug Name |
Category |
Comments |
| Nafcillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Unique biliary excretion.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
|
| Oxacillin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
ICWS; Penicillins
Penicillinase-Resistant |
Similar to Penicillin G. PO. Highly protein-bound.
beta-Lactamase Resistant, Acid Stable |
| Colistmethate |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Membrane-Active |
Only used topically: ointment, or injection into pleural or joint
cavities. Can be used topically for gram-negative bacterial overgrowth. |
| Polymixin B |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Membrane-Active |
Only used topically: ointment, or injection into pleural or joint
cavities. Can be used topically for gram-negative bacterial overgrowth. |
| Trimethoprim |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor |
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Indicated for complicated UTI's.
as a second-line drug, and AIDS Pneumocystic Pneumonia. Other
uses too. |
| Co- Trimoxazole
(Sulfame thoxazole- Trime thoprim) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Adverse Effects: May see adverse effects of either constituent drug,
as well as fever, rashes, vomiting, diarrhea. Side-effects prominent in
AIDS patients receiving the drug for the treatment of
Pneumocystis Pneumonia. |
| Mafenide
(Sulfamylon) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Does not have a para-amino group, thus it has a different
structure and mode of action, and it is not an analog of PABA. It is not
inactives by the presence of pus or necrotic tissue, thus it is ideal to
use with burn patients. |
| Silver Sulfadiazine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Topical administration, for treating burn
patients. |
| Sodium Sulfacetamide |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Ophthalmic administration, for treating
conjunctivitis. |
| Sulfacytine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
|
| Sulfadiazine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used to treat systemic infections. |
| Sulfame thoxazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used widely in UTI's. |
| Sulfapyridine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used to treat Dermatitis Herpetiformis. |
| Sulfasalazine
(Salicyl-azosulfapyridine) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Poorly absorbed in GI tract. Used for the topical treatment of
inflammatory bowel disease. The drug is cleaved by
bacteria in the colon, into sulfonamide and amino-salicylate.
Amino-salicylate then has local anti-inflammatory effects in
the colon. |
| Sulfisoxazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Metabolic Inhibitor; Sulfonamide |
Used widely in UTI's. Also used to treat Nocardiosis. |
| Chloramphenicol |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor |
Indicated for CNS infections, Salmonella Typhoid Fever,
H. Influenzae.
Toxicity: (1) Dose-dependent anemia, (2) aplastic anemia,
(3) gray-baby syndrome, due to lack of
glucuronyl-transferase in babies. |
| Clindamycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor |
Similar to erythromycin. C. Difficile is resistant, thus
Pseudomembranous Colitis is a feared complication of
the drug. Indicated for mixed anaerobic infections. |
| Spectinomycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor |
Structurally related to aminoglycosides. Administered IM
for treatment of penicillin-resistant gonorrhea. |
| Azithromycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
|
| Clarithromycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
|
| Erythrmoycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
IV or PO. Orally, it must be given in an acid-resistant (enteric
coated) capsule, to prevent acid-breakdown in the stomach.
Often used in penicillin-allergic patients. Indications:
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, Cornybacteria, Legionnaire's
Disease. |
| Erythromycin Estolate |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide |
Acid-resistant ester of erythromycin can be given
PO. Cholestatic hepatitis can occur with use. |
| Spiramycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Macrolide
Anti-Parasitic |
Indicated for treatment of Cryptosporidiosis. |
| Chlortetracycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Very incomplete oral absorption. Like tetracycline. |
| Demeclocycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Complete oral absorption. Intermediate half-life. Used to treat the
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Photosensitive:
especially photosensitive and associated with Fanconi-like syndrome if
it has been photo-degraded. |
| Doxycycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Complete oral absorption. Exclusively hepatic clearance. |
| Minocycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Complete oral absorption. Long-lasting. |
| Oxytetracycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Incomplete oral absorption |
| Tetracycline |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhibitor; Tetracycline |
Incomplete oral absorption, but it's still given orally.
Indicated for Rickettsiae, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Lyme
Disease. It's a broad-spectrum antibiotic, so you can
also see bacterial superinfection. It chelates calcium:
never use during pregnancy, never give to children, do not take with
food. |
| Amikacin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Newest agents. Currently effective against strains that are
resistant to the other aminoglycosides. |
| Gentamicin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Older drug. Popular choice for gram-negatives, in combination with
penicillins. |
| Kanamycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Older drug. Now only used as topical agent, due to severity of
adverse effects. |
| Neomycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Now only used as topical agent, due to severity of
adverse effects. |
| Netilmicin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Newest agents. Currently effective against strains that are
resistant to the other aminoglycosides. |
| Tobramycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside |
Newer drug. Popular choice for gram-negatives, in combination with
penicillins. Slightly less nephrotoxic than gentamicin. |
| Streptomycin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
Synthesis Inhitor; Aminoglycoside
Anti-Mycobacterial; 1st-line |
IM. Older drug with severe adverse effects. Now has widespread
resistance. First-line drug for TB infections. |
| Nitrofurantoin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Bacterial
UTI Antiseptic |
Used solely for treatment of UTI's. Cleared
extremely quickly to urine, where it can have bacteriostatic or
bactericidal effects. Mech = formation of oxidative intermediates in
urinary tract. |
| Flucytosine |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal |
Gets into CNS. Converted to 5-fluorocytosine by
fungal enzymes, then it inhibits thymidilate synthetase and DNA
synthesis. Resistance develops rapidly, so it is used in conjunction
with Amphotericin-B.
Relatively non-toxic. May see alopecia, bone-marrow suppression. |
| Griseofulvin |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal |
It binds to fungal microtubules, inhibiting their growth. It is only
effective for skin infections.
It is given PO and binds to keratin,
thus it concentrates in skin. High fat meal increases absorption.
Indications: skin infections, ring worm, athlete's foot. Adverse
effects: allergic reactions, headache, malaise. |
| Potassium Iodide (KI) |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal |
Singularly effective against Sporothrix Schenkii cutaneous
infection. |
| Fluconazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal
Imidazole (Systemic) |
Pharmacokinetics: PO or IV. Readily enters CNS. Inhibits Cyt-P450 in
liver. Primarily urinary excretion.
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity, nausea and vomiting.
Indicated for Cryptococcal Meningitis. |
| Itraconazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal
Imidazole (Systemic) |
Broader spectrum and fewer adverse effects than ketoconazole. |
| Ketoconazole |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal
Imidazole (Systemic) |
Pharmacokinetics: PO, with good oral absorption. Inhibits Cyt-P450
in liver. Biliary excretion.
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity, gynecomastia,
thrombophlebitis.
Can be used in treatment of prostate cancer, due to anti-androgenic
effects. |
| UK-109,496 |
Anti-Microbial; Anti-Fungal
Imidazole (Systemic) |
Experimental imidazole that binds so strongly to ergosterol, it is
classified as fungicidal. Broad-spectrum of action, and effective
against Aspergillus. |
